Blockchain-Powered Backend

The blockchain-powered backend is the core of Lumora's decentralized network, ensuring transparency, security, and automation of rewards and data access. By leveraging Solana programs, the backend guarantees a trustless environment where all network operations are immutable, auditable, and highly efficient.

Note: Task assignment and validation mechanisms are currently managed off-chain and are planned to transition fully on-chain during Phase 2 development for enhanced decentralization and fairness.

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1. Key Functions of the Blockchain-Powered Backend

Task Management

• Immutable Task Logging:

  • Each task assigned and executed in the network will be logged immutably on the Solana blockchain to provide a transparent and auditable record. Until Phase 2, task logging remains off-chain.

• Task Verification:

  • Solana programs will validate task completion using cryptographic proofs. This will ensure decentralized verification without relying on centralized authorities.

• Dynamic Allocation:

  • Task allocation is currently managed by an off-chain decentralized task manager, utilizing weighted scoring algorithms to assign tasks to nodes. Transitioning to full on-chain dynamic allocation is planned for Phase 2 to enhance transparency and fairness.

Reward Distribution

• Proof-of-Bandwidth Protocol:

  • Validates bandwidth contributions to calculate rewards for each participant.

  • The reward calculation ensures fairness and proportional distribution of LMR tokens.

• Automated Disbursements:

  • Rewards are distributed to participants’ wallets via smart contracts without intermediaries.

Data Access

• Secure Marketplace:

  • Aggregated datasets are tokenized and available for purchase through smart contracts, ensuring accountability and secure transactions.

• Access Control:

  • Consumers pay with Lumora tokens, unlocking encrypted datasets for retrieval.

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2. Smart Contract Architecture

The blockchain backend operates through a modular smart contract design that optimizes security, efficiency, and scalability.

Smart Contracts Overview

1. Task Management Contract:

   • Logs tasks, assigns them to nodes, and validates task completion.

   • Immutable ledger ensures transparency for all task operations.

2. Reward Distribution Contract:

   • Automates the calculation and disbursement of tokens based on validated contributions.

   • Formula:

     R_i = C_i * R_total

     • R_i: Reward for node i.

     • C_i: Contribution ratio of node i.

     • R_total: Total reward pool for the cycle.

3. Data Marketplace Contract:

   • Manages dataset purchases and access permissions.

   • Consumers unlock datasets using Lumora tokens, with transactions logged immutably.

4. Governance Contract:

   • Facilitates decentralized decision-making for protocol upgrades and parameter adjustments.

   • Token holders participate in voting through proposals.

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3. Blockchain Integration

Solana Integration

• Primary Blockchain: Solana serves as the base layer for Lumora’s decentralized backend, leveraging its robust ecosystem.

• Token Standards:

  • SPL Tokens: Lumora tokens for payments and rewards.

  • Metaplex Standarts: Tokenized datasets and unique access rights.

• Decentralized Identity:

  • User identities are anonymized and linked to their wallets for secure participation.

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4. Data Security and Fraud Prevention

Cryptographic Integrity

• Proof-of-Bandwidth:

  • Contributions are validated using cryptographic proofs, ensuring that rewards are based on verified bandwidth usage.

• End-to-End Encryption:

  • All data transfers are secured using AES-256 encryption.

• Hash Validation:

  • Task and dataset integrity is ensured with SHA-256 checksums.

Fraud Detection

• Reputation System:

  • Nodes are assigned a reputation score based on task performance and uptime.

  • Malicious or underperforming nodes are flagged and penalized.

• Smart Contract Safeguards:

  • Built-in validation rules prevent manipulation of rewards or tasks.

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5. Transaction Workflow

Task Assignment and Completion

1. Task is logged immutably on the blockchain via the Task Management Contract.

2. Nodes execute the task and submit proof of completion.

3. Proof is validated by the smart contract, triggering reward calculation.

Reward Distribution

1. Bandwidth contributions are aggregated and validated.

2. Rewards are calculated and disbursed to participant wallets via the Reward Distribution Contract.

Dataset Purchase

1. Consumer selects a dataset from the marketplace.

2. Payment is processed through the Data Marketplace Contract.

3. Encrypted dataset is unlocked and delivered.

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6. Key Advantages

• Transparency:

  • Blockchain logging ensures every operation is visible and verifiable.

• Automation:

  • Smart contracts eliminate intermediaries, reducing operational overhead.

• Security:

  • Cryptographic mechanisms and decentralized architecture protect against tampering and fraud.

• Scalability:

  • Layer-2 integration ensures the network can handle millions of users and transactions efficiently.

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7. Technical Specifications

• Smart Contract Language: Rust

• Blockchain Layer: Solana

• APIs: Solana Web3.js and Anchor framework

• Data Storage: Off-chain aggregation with on-chain metadata and access permissions

• Wallet Integration: Phantom, Solflare, and other Solana-compatible wallets

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The blockchain-powered backend forms the foundation of Lumora’s decentralized network, ensuring that tasks, rewards, and data operations are secure, transparent, and efficient. This architecture aligns with the project’s vision of democratizing bandwidth sharing and data access.